Fourth-Order Delay Differential Equations: New Monotonic Properties of Solutions

Authors

Shoura Ahmed Balatta Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3665-5044
Ishak Hashim Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6237-279X (unauthenticated)
Eddie Shahril Ismail Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Omar Bazighifan Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education, Seiyun University, Hadhramout, 50512, Yemen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7251-9608 (unauthenticated)
Shaher Momani Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman PO Box 346, United Arab Emirates https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6326-8456 (unauthenticated)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37256/cm.6120255413

Keywords:

delay, oscillation, fourth-order DEs

Abstract

New oscillation criteria for the fourth-order delay differential equation are presented. An essential feature of our results is that oscillation of the studied equation is ensured via some conditions. Furthermore, new criteria are provided to delay differential equations by using the Riccati transform technique, the integrated averaging approach, and the comparison method with second order. Our results essentially improve, extend, and simplify some known ones reported in the literature. The results are illustrated with examples.

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Published

2025-02-20

Issue

Contemporary Mathematics, Volume 6 Issue 1 (2025), 1-1379

Section

Research Article

License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Fourth-Order Delay Differential Equations: New Monotonic Properties of Solutions. Contemp. Math. [Internet]. 2025 Feb. 20 [cited 2025 Dec. 24];6(1):1239-54. Available from: https://ojs353.mebyme.cn/index.php/CM/article/view/5413

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